Environmental Studies (All Foundational Research)

Climate System Science: Atmospheric Dynamics & Thermodynamics; Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction; Paleoclimatology & Climate History; Greenhouse Gas Cycles & Budgets; Climate Modeling & Prediction; Climate Change Impacts Assessment.
Ecology and Conservation Biology: Population & Community Ecology; Ecosystem Function & Services; Biodiversity Science & Systematics; Conservation Genetics & Planning; Habitat Management & Restoration Ecology; Invasive Species Biology & Management.
Water Science and Resources: Surface Water Hydrology & Hydrogeology; Limnology (Freshwater Science); Oceanography & Marine Science; Water Quality Assessment & Monitoring; Water Resource Planning & Management; Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Ecotoxicology.
Atmospheric Science and Air Quality: Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics; Air Pollution Sources & Transport Modeling; Air Quality Monitoring & Analysis; Aerosol Science & Cloud Physics; Indoor Air Quality Science; Atmospheric Deposition & Effects.
Earth Science and Land Systems: Soil Science & Pedology; Geomorphology & Landscape Evolution; Land Use / Land Cover Change Analysis; Sustainable Agriculture & Food Systems Science; Forest Ecology & Management; Land Degradation, Desertification & Restoration.
Pollution Dynamics and Control: Point & Non-point Source Pollution Characterization; Pollutant Fate & Transport Modeling; Pollution Prevention (P2) Strategies; Air Pollution Control Technologies; Water & Wastewater Treatment Processes; Soil & Sediment Pollution Assessment.
Waste Management and Remediation: Solid Waste Management Systems & Recycling; Hazardous Waste Characterization, Treatment & Disposal; Circular Economy & Industrial Ecology Principles; Landfill Design, Operation & Monitoring; Contaminated Site Assessment & Characterization; Remediation Technologies (e.g., Bio-, Phyto-, Chemical Remediation).
Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology: Aquatic & Atmospheric Chemistry; Soil & Sediment Chemistry; Ecotoxicology (Effects on Ecosystems); Human Toxicology & Exposure Science; Chemical Fate, Persistence & Bioaccumulation; Analytical Environmental Chemistry Methods.
Environmental Health and Risk: Environmental Epidemiology; Exposure Assessment & Biomonitoring; Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA); Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA); Environmental Factors in Disease Etiology; Children’s & Vulnerable Populations’ Environmental Health.
Environmental Policy, Law, and Governance: National Environmental Law & Regulation Analysis; International Environmental Agreements & Regimes; Environmental Policy Analysis & Evaluation; Environmental Governance Structures & Institutions; Compliance Assurance & Enforcement Mechanisms; Public Participation & Stakeholder Engagement Processes.
Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development: Natural Resource Economics & Management; Valuation of Ecosystem Services & Environmental Goods; Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis; Market-Based Environmental Policy Instruments; Corporate Sustainability & ESG Reporting; Sustainable Development Theory & Practice.
Environmental Justice and Social Equity: Distributional Equity Analysis (Exposure & Impacts); Procedural Justice & Fair Participation; Recognition Justice & Indigenous Rights; Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR); Environmental Health Disparities Research; Climate Justice & Just Transitions.
Sustainable Resource Management and Energy: Renewable Resource Management (Fisheries, Forestry, Water); Non-renewable Resource Extraction & Management; Water Allocation & Use Efficiency Strategies; Renewable Energy Technologies & Systems Analysis; Energy Efficiency, Conservation & Demand Management; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) & Material Flow Analysis.
Environmental Data Analysis, Modeling, and Assessment: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) & Spatial Analysis; Remote Sensing & Earth Observation Techniques; Environmental Statistics & Data Science; Environmental Systems Modeling (Air, Water, Ecosystems); Environmental Informatics & Data Management; Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) & Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).
Environmental Communication and Education: Science Communication & Environmental Journalism; Risk Communication & Perception; Environmental Education Curriculum & Pedagogy; Public Outreach & Community Engagement Strategies; Environmental Behaviour Change Theory & Application; Digital Media & Environmental Advocacy.